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Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. Thresholds: Configurable limits that can be exceeded to accommodate specific requirements. Supported limits: Configurable limits that have been set by default to a tested value. Some values in this article are based on test results from SharePoint Products and may not represent the final values for SharePoint Server This article will be updated with appropriate values as SharePoint Server test data becomes available.
The capacity planning information in this document provides guidelines for you to use in your planning. It is based on testing performed at Microsoft, on live properties. However, your results are likely to vary based on the equipment you use and the features and functionality that you implement for your sites.
Learn about SharePoint limits in Microsoft This article contains information to help you understand the tested performance and capacity limits of SharePoint Server , and offers guidelines for how limits relate to acceptable performance.
Use the information in this article to determine whether your planned deployment falls within acceptable performance and capacity limits, and to appropriately configure limits in your environment. The test results and guidelines provided in this article apply to a single SharePoint Server farm. Adding servers to the installation might not increase the capacity limits of the objects that are listed in the tables in the Limits and boundaries section later in this topic.
On the other hand, adding server computers increases the throughput of a server farm, which might be necessary to achieve acceptable performance with many objects. In some cases, the requirements for high numbers of objects in a solution might require more servers in the farm. T here are many factors that can affect performance in a given environment, and each of these factors can affect performance in different areas. Some of the test results and recommendations in this article might be related to features or user operations that do not exist in your environment, and therefore do not apply to your solution.
Only thorough testing can give you exact data related to your own environment. In SharePoint Server , there are certain limits that are by design and cannot be exceeded, and other limits that are set to default values that may be changed by the farm administrator.
There are also certain limits that are not represented by a configurable value, such as the number of site collections per web application. Boundaries are absolute limits that cannot be exceeded by design. It is important to understand these limits to ensure that you do not make incorrect assumptions when you design your farm.
An example of a boundary is the 2-GB document size limit; you cannot configure SharePoint Server to store documents that are larger than 2 GB. This boundary is a built-in absolute value, and cannot be exceeded by design. A threshold is a parameter that has a default value that cannot be exceeded unless the value is modified. Thresholds can, in certain circumstances, be exceeded to accommodate variances in your farm design, but it is important to understand that exceeding threshold may affect the performance of the farm in addition to the effective value of other limits.
The default value of certain thresholds can only be exceeded up to an absolute maximum value. A good example is the document size limit. By default, the default document size threshold is set to MB, but can be changed to support the maximum boundary of 2 GB. Supported limits define the tested value for a given parameter. The default values for these limits were defined by testing, and represent the known limitations of the product.
Exceeding supported limits may cause unexpected results, significant decrease in performance, or other harmful effects.
Some supported limits are configurable parameters that are set by default to the recommended value, while other supported limits relate to parameters that are not represented by a configurable value. An example of a supported limit is the number of site collections per farm.
The supported limit is the largest number of site collections per web application that met performance benchmarks during testing. It is important to know that many of the limit values that are provided in this document represent a point in a curve that describes an increasing resource load and concomitant decrease in performance as the value increases. Therefore, exceeding certain limits, such as the number of site collections per web application, may only result in a fractional decrease in farm performance.
However, in most cases, operating at or near an established limit is not a best practice, as acceptable performance and reliability targets are best achieved when a farm's design provides for a reasonable balance of limits values.
Thresholds and supported limits guidelines are determined by performance. In other words, you can exceed the default values of the limits, but as you increase the limit value, farm performance and the effective value of other limits may be affected. Many limits in SharePoint Server can be changed, but it is important to understand how changing a given limit affects other parts of the farm.
In SharePoint Server , thresholds and supported limits are established through testing and observation of farm behavior under increasing loads up to the point where farm services and operations reach their effective operational limits. Some farm services and components can support a higher load than others so that in some cases you must assign a limit value based on an average of several factors. For example, observations of farm behavior under load when site collections are added indicate that certain features exhibit unacceptably high latency while other features are still operating within acceptable parameters.
Therefore, the maximum value assigned to the number of site collections is not absolute, but is calculated based on an expected set of usage characteristics in which overall farm performance would be acceptable at the given limit under most circumstances. Obviously, if some services are operating under parameters that are higher than those parameters used for limits testing, the maximum effective limits of other services will be reduced.
It is therefore important to execute rigorous capacity management and scale testing exercises for specific deployments in order to establish effective limits for that environment.
Note: We do not describe the hardware that was used to validate the limits in this document, because the limits were collected from multiple farms and environments. In order to understand the relationship between hardware resources, load, and performance, it's important to have a way to visualize the factors involved and how they affect each other.
Consider the capacity of a farm as a pie, the size of which represents the aggregate of factors such as servers, hardware resources such as CPUs and RAM, storage capacity, disk IOPS, network bandwidth, and latency. The size of the pie is therefore related to the overall resources of the farm; adding resources such as farm servers increases the size of the pie. This pie is divided into slices that represent load from various sources: user requests, search queries, operations against installed features, timer jobs, and operating system overhead.
Each of these sections must share available farm resources. If the size of one slice increases, the size of others must decrease proportionally. Since load on a farm is not static user requests, for example, might only be significant during certain hours of the day , the relative size of the slices is constantly in flux.
However, each slice must maintain a required minimum size to operate normally, and since the functions represented by each slice are interdependent, increasing the size of one slice may place more load on other slices in addition to reducing the resources available for them to consume. Using this metaphor, the goal of the farm's design is to make the pie large enough to accommodate the required size of each pie slice under peak load.
Let's say that about half of the requests are search queries, and the other half editing lists and documents. This increased load squeezes the other pie slices, but some farm features must also work harder to compensate. The Search service has to process more queries, most of which are handled by the cache, but some queries are passed on to the database servers, increasing their load as well. If load on the database servers becomes too great, disk queue lengths will increase, which in turn increases the latency of all other requests.
This section lists the objects that can be a part of a solution and provides guidelines for acceptable performance for each kind of object. Acceptable performance means that the system as tested can support that number of objects, but that the number cannot be exceeded without some decrease in performance or a reduction in the value of related limits.
Objects are listed both by scope and by feature. Limits data is provided, together with notes that describe the conditions under which the limit is obtained and links to additional information where available.
Use the guidelines in this article to review your overall solution plans. If your solution plans exceed the recommended guidelines for one or more objects, take one or more of the following actions:. The following table lists the recommended guidelines for lists and libraries.
For more information, see Designing large Lists and maximizing list performance SharePoint Server Each column type has a size value listed in bytes. The sum of all columns in a SharePoint list cannot exceed 8, bytes.
External Data columns have the concept of a primary column and secondary columns. When you add an external data column, you can select some secondary fields of the external content type that you want to be added to the list. Overall, these columns are the ones that get added:. For example, ID might be mapped to a Number column; Name might be mapped to a Single line of text column ; Description might be mapped to a Multiple lines of text column.
The recommended guidelines for search are organized according to the aspects of search that they impact: the topology, the size of items, dictionaries, crawling, schema, queries and results, ranking, and the index. Limits for Search have changed significantly as the feature has been updated.
For more information, see Plan search in SharePoint Server. The topology limits ensure efficient communication between search components. Exceeding these limits slows down the communication between search components, which can result in longer query latencies and ultimately outage of search. The item size limits safeguard crawling performance and the size of the index.
Here are some examples of how the limits can affect searching:. If you can't get results when you search for an item, the item could be too large. A warning will show up in the Crawl Log, stating that the file exceeded the maximum size that the crawler can download. If you search for text in an item and only get results from the first part of the text, the content-processing component may have truncated the item because it exceeded some of item size limits.
When the content-processing component truncates an item, it indicates this truncation by setting the managed property IsPartiallyProcessed to True. A warning will also show up in the Crawl Log, stating why the item was truncated. If you tune item size limits, we recommend that you work with them in the order they appear in this table. The schema limits safeguard memory resources and keep the management operation overhead at an acceptable level. The limits for queries and results safeguard the search engine against executing large query expressions and returning large result sets.
Preventing the search engine from executing large query expressions and returning large result sets prevents Denial-of-service DoS attacks and makes sure that results return timely. If you have to retrieve more results, we recommend that you use paging. The ranking limits safeguard application server memory, query latency, and the size of the index. The index limits safeguard the index from growing out of bounds and exceeding the available resources.
The following table lists the recommended guidelines for instances of Visio Services in SharePoint. The following table lists the recommended guidelines for Office Online. Office client application limits also apply when an application is running as a web app. The following table lists the recommended guidelines for Project Server.
For more information about how to plan for Project Server, see Planning and architecture for Project Server
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